Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research

h-index: 18     i10-index: 25

Synthesis of Titanium Oxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticle and Its Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ortho-Nitroaniline Orange

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Shamsuddeen Musa 1
Auwal Mahmoud Adamu 1
Dahiru Adamu Ajiya 1
Samuel Adebayo Adeyanju 2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

2 Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.48309/jeires.2026.542860.1314
Abstract
Wastewater that is polluted with synthetic dyes presents a major environmental problem and treatment by conventional methods usually does not lead to full elimination of the dyes. The industry desperately looks for eco-friendly solutions that involve the use of photocatalysts that can efficiently remove toxic organic dyes from water. In recent years, polymer nanocomposites have become a significant focus in both academic and industrial fields. Nanoparticles are materials that are smaller than 100 nanometers in size. Adding a small amount of nanoparticles to polymers can give the composite materials new properties. This research describes how to make titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. The nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. From the UV-Visible results and using a Tauc plot, the band gap energy of polyaniline/TiO2 nanoparticles was calculated. The X-ray diffraction data also showed the size of the crystalline particles. The UV radiation caused a total of 98% ortho nitroaniline orange dye degradation under the action of the Mg²⁺-doped PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposite, which had a 3.0 eV band gap and 38.7 nm crystalline size. The isotherm and kinetics studies verified the adsorption to be effective and the photocatalytic activity to be rapid. This indicates that the composite can be used to develop an eco-friendly dye remediation process for water treatment. Future research needs to address the photocatalytic activity of Mg²⁺-doped TiO₂ nanocomposites associated with visible light and real industrial wastewater situations.

Graphical Abstract

Synthesis of Titanium Oxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticle and Its Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ortho-Nitroaniline Orange

Keywords

TiO₂ nanoparticles
PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposite
Photocatalysis
Dye degradation

Subjects

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Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research
Volume 7, Issue 3
Summer 2026
Pages 137-143

  • Receive Date 15 September 2025
  • Revise Date 08 December 2025
  • Accept Date 28 December 2025

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