Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research

h-index: 18     i10-index: 25

Iron Oxide–Incorporated Graphene–TiO₂ Multifunctional Nanostructures for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Kayode John Olaniyi 1
Sodiq Areo Akintoyese 1
Mayowa James Johnson 1, 2
Joseph Olumide Ajiboye 1
Olufunke Lydia Adedeji 3
Gabriel Ayinde Alamu 1
Mojoyinola Kofoworola Awodele 1, 4
Yekinni Kolawole Sanusi 1, 4
Oluwaseun Adedokun 1, 4

1 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2 Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria

3 Department of Chemical Science, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Nigeria

4 Nanotechnology Research Group (NANO+), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.48309/jeires.2026.553353.1319
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a promising renewable energy technology over the past two decades; yet, their widespread application is hindered by issues of efficiency and stability. As the primary electron transport medium, the photoanode is a critical component that dictates the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a DSSC. To overcome the limitations of conventional titanium dioxide (TiO2​) photoanodes, researchers have explored incorporating various nanostructures. This review highlights recent advancements in using iron oxide-graphene-TiO2​ nanocomposites as a multifunctional photoanode materials. It explores the synergistic effects among the components: iron oxide extends the photoanode’s light absorption into the visible spectrum, graphene enhances electron transport, and TiO2 provides structural integrity and primary photoactivity. Various synthesis and characterization techniques are reviewed, which were used to create these composites and discuss their direct impact on the composites’ properties and performance. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in optimizing synthesis strategies, improving scalability, and ensuring long-term stability. Ultimately, this review demonstrates the immense potential of iron oxide-graphene-TiO2​ nanocomposites for creating high-efficiency DSSCs, highlighting both their promise and the key challenges that must be addressed for future development.

Keywords

Dye-sensitized solar cells
Photoanode
Nanocomposite
High-efficiency
Multifunctional

Subjects

OPEN ACCESS

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Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research
Volume 7, Issue 3
Summer 2026
Pages 144-167

  • Receive Date 14 October 2025
  • Revise Date 19 December 2025
  • Accept Date 04 January 2026

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