Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research

Abstract This paper aims to develop a safety strategy for the metalwork industry to mitigate the effects of hazards, risks, and activities related to the metalwork industry. The study develops a safety strategy using quantitative and qualitative data on hazards, ‎risks, and activities‎. Questionnaires, interviews, and workplace assessments were used to identify the activities, hazards, and risks in the company. The safety data were used to verify legal compliance and health. The researchers’ safety assessment form, risks, hazards, and activities were analyzed using the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM) was used by the researcher to develop the strategy based on the results from the questionnaires, workplace assessment, and the PHA categorizing them into the six variabilities of FRAM. The study found that the company gives a priority to production leading to poor maintenance planning difficulties which are a major obstacle to the safety of equipment and hence hazardous to the workers. The most common health hazards are dust, gases, and mechanical hazards including sharp objects. In addition, the company does not carry out pre-employment and periodic medical examinations which is helpful in the workers’ placement. Safety performance was mainly driven by lagging indicators (injuries, illness, and fatalities) instead of employing safety-leading indicators. The developed safety strategy integrating PHA with FRAM will thus assist in improving safety in the metalwork industry.

Abstract This review offers an insightful overview of literature related to corrosion, its types, mechanism, laboratory scale testing approaches and strategies to inhibit corrosion. Corrosion is the deterioration of metals and alloys as a result of their contact with environment that leads to the sacrificed properties of these materials. Corrosion is a perilous concern due to its significant cost-effective, protection, safety concerns, and environmental impact. Various types of corrosion are described by researchers that are insidious and detrimental for infrastructures. Corrosion rate is affected by various factors such as humidity, oxygen exposure, the faulty structure, etc. The defective parts lead to the corrosion such as pitting corrosion that is most hazardous in all the types of corrosion, as it is unnoticeable and lead to the sudden damage of infrastructures. Laboratory scale testing of corrosion provides a futuristic approach to predetermine the approximate economic losses that occur due to corrosion, the reliability of used materials, and their estimated life span. Structural morphology provides a deep insight to find the occurrence of corrosion without destroying the material or employing any specific method. Corrosion monitoring is another valuable tool to check the efficiency of metal-based objects with time. Corrosion is inevitable, so in order to enhance the efficacy and durability of materials, preventive measures are employed to inhibit or minimize corrosion. The inhibitors used may include polymeric organic coatings and certain inorganic, organic, and sustainable eco-friendly inhibitors. Through the application of inhibitors, specifically eco-friendly inhibitors reduce infrastructure damage, economic losses, corrosion cost, metallic waste, industrial shut-downs, and hazardous chemicals.

Abstract In this work, process events of a demo plant and an industrial plant were modeled, hazardous process areas were detected and alarm areas including site margin and boundaries affected by process incidents were determined. Accordingly, the site boundary should have a distance of 170 m and 339 m from the north, 185 m and 411 m from the south, 180 m and 426 m from the east, 172 m, and 453 m from the west from the equipment for the demo plant and industrial plant, respectively. Likewise, the effective boundary should be 211 m and 546 m from the north, 228 m and 553 m from the south, 223 m and 634 m from the south, and 215 m and 595 m from the west from equipment for the demo plant and industrial plant, respectively.

Abstract The concept of building information modeling (BIM) was developed in the mid-1970s and became known as building description systems. Today, this process has become the focus of attention as a broad field of knowledge in the construction industry and has been implemented to respond to the need for integration, improved communication and information in some projects. This concept refers to a set of strategies, processes, and technologies that create a method for managing project life cycle information. This technology is an advanced process related to planning, design, construction, operation, and management using BIM by new and old devices and programs and potentials. In other words, this technology is defined as a fully related set of all construction processes including: production, communication and analysis of construction models. According to this standard, by implementing this concept, all project life cycle information is stored in a common data environment. In other words, BIM is an intelligent process based on 3D models that provides architectural, engineering, and construction professionals with insights and tools for planning, designing, constructing, and managing buildings. New building technologies are fundamentally changing the way construction and project management are conducted. These technologies enable the construction of higher quality structures at lower costs by increasing the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of construction processes. On the other hand, these technologies also help improve sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of construction projects. In the near future, these technologies are expected to become a standard in the construction industry and have a significant impact on traditional methods. Therefore, familiarity with these technologies and their use can help companies and professionals in this field to be more successful in future competitions.